9+ JAG Lawyer Salaries: 2024 Guide


9+ JAG Lawyer Salaries: 2024 Guide

The compensation of attorneys serving within the Decide Advocate Basic’s Corps, usually abbreviated as JAG Corps, is a subject of appreciable curiosity. Army authorized professionals’ earnings are decided by a structured system primarily based totally on rank and years of service, just like different navy officers. This technique ensures constant and predictable revenue progress all through a JAG lawyer’s profession.

Understanding navy lawyer compensation is important for potential JAG Corps officers when contemplating this profession path. It additionally gives worthwhile context for these within the total construction of navy pay and advantages. Traditionally, navy authorized companies have been very important for sustaining order and self-discipline throughout the armed forces. The JAG Corps’ continued effectiveness is dependent upon attracting and retaining certified authorized professionals, making aggressive compensation a major issue.

This text will discover the components influencing JAG lawyer salaries, together with base pay, allowances, bonuses, and advantages. It can additionally delve into profession development throughout the JAG Corps and supply assets for these searching for additional details about this demanding but rewarding authorized profession.

1. Base Pay

Base pay constitutes the foundational aspect of JAG lawyer compensation. It’s decided by two major components: rank and years of service. This construction mirrors the compensation system for all commissioned officers within the U.S. navy. A newly commissioned JAG officer, usually getting into service as a Captain, begins at a selected pay grade. As years of service accrue, the officer progresses via the ranks (Main, Lieutenant Colonel, Colonel, and so on.), every related to a better pay grade. Subsequently, the bottom pay of a JAG lawyer will increase predictably with each time in service and promotions in rank. This technique ensures constant compensation progress and gives a transparent framework for monetary planning.

The impression of base pay on total compensation is substantial. It represents the most important portion of a JAG lawyer’s common earnings. For instance, a JAG Corps Captain with six years of service may have a better base pay than a Captain with two years of service. This distinction in base pay considerably impacts their total revenue. Moreover, base pay serves as the premise for calculating different components of compensation, reminiscent of sure allowances and retirement advantages. Understanding the construction and development of base pay is essential for comprehending the whole image of JAG lawyer earnings.

In conclusion, base pay performs a pivotal position in figuring out how a lot JAG legal professionals earn. Its direct hyperlink to rank and years of service gives a structured and predictable path for compensation progress. Whereas different components like bonuses and allowances contribute to the general package deal, base pay stays the bedrock of navy lawyer earnings. This structured system ensures aggressive salaries, attracting and retaining expert authorized professionals throughout the JAG Corps. Navigating the complexities of navy compensation requires a transparent understanding of base pay’s essential position.

2. Rank

Rank considerably influences JAG lawyer compensation. Like different navy officers, JAG Corps attorneys’ salaries are straight tied to their navy rank. A better rank equates to a better pay grade, leading to elevated base pay. This construction incentivizes profession development and displays the elevated duties and expertise related to advancing via the ranks. For example, a Lieutenant Colonel within the JAG Corps will earn considerably greater than a Captain because of the distinction in rank. This clear hyperlink between rank and pay gives a clear and predictable path for wage progress all through a JAG lawyer’s profession. This technique ensures that skilled officers are compensated accordingly and encourages skilled growth throughout the JAG Corps.

The impression of rank extends past base pay. Allowances, reminiscent of these for housing and subsistence, are additionally partially decided by rank. Whereas the placement’s value of dwelling primarily dictates these allowances, rank serves as a modifying issue. Increased-ranking officers usually obtain barely increased allowance charges, recognizing the potential for elevated dwelling bills related to their place. Moreover, alternatives for particular pays and bonuses usually turn into extra prevalent with increased rank. Sure specialised authorized roles or command positions, usually held by extra senior officers, could also be eligible for added compensation. This additional emphasizes the significance of rank in figuring out a JAG lawyer’s complete earnings.

In abstract, rank serves as a cornerstone of JAG lawyer compensation. Its direct impression on base pay, allowances, and entry to specialised compensation alternatives underscores its significance. Understanding the connection between rank and earnings is essential for anybody contemplating a JAG Corps profession. The system rewards skilled development and expertise, attracting and retaining certified authorized professionals throughout the navy’s authorized framework. This construction maintains a aggressive compensation system and reinforces the significance of management and expertise throughout the JAG Corps.

3. Years of Service

Years of service play an important position in figuring out JAG lawyer compensation. Just like rank, time in service straight impacts base pay. The navy pay system incorporates a stepped strategy the place base pay will increase incrementally with every year of service. This construction rewards continued service and acknowledges the accumulating expertise and experience of JAG Corps officers. Understanding the connection between years of service and compensation gives worthwhile perception into long-term incomes potential throughout the JAG Corps.

  • Base Pay Development

    Base pay will increase yearly for JAG legal professionals, though the speed of improve could fluctuate relying on pay grade and present authorities pay scales. Annually of service contributes to a better base pay, creating a transparent and predictable trajectory for revenue progress. For instance, a JAG Corps officer with ten years of service will usually earn a better base pay than an officer with 5 years, even when they maintain the identical rank. This incremental development rewards long-term dedication and gives monetary stability.

  • Promotion Eligibility

    Time in service is a key issue for promotion eligibility. Whereas efficiency and different standards are additionally thought of, officers should meet minimal time-in-grade necessities earlier than being eligible for promotion to the subsequent rank. Since rank straight impacts pay, years of service not directly affect incomes potential by figuring out entry to increased ranks. This technique ensures that promotions, and due to this fact pay will increase, replicate each expertise and demonstrated functionality.

  • Retirement Advantages

    Years of service straight impression retirement advantages for JAG Corps officers. The navy retirement system calculates advantages primarily based on a components that features years of service as a major issue. Longer service interprets to increased retirement payouts, offering a considerable monetary profit after a profession within the JAG Corps. This underscores the long-term monetary benefits of a navy authorized profession.

  • Influence on Allowances and Particular Pays

    Whereas not as direct because the impression on base pay, years of service can not directly affect eligibility for sure allowances and particular pays. Some specialised roles or assignments, usually requiring particular expertise ranges, could also be tied to further compensation. These alternatives, whereas not solely decided by years of service, usually turn into extra accessible with elevated time within the JAG Corps, additional enhancing incomes potential over a long-term profession.

In conclusion, years of service is a essential issue influencing JAG lawyer compensation. Its impression on base pay, promotion eligibility, retirement advantages, and entry to specialised compensation creates a complete system that rewards dedication and expertise. Understanding this connection gives an entire image of long-term incomes potential throughout the JAG Corps and underscores the monetary advantages of a continued navy authorized profession.

4. Bonuses

Bonuses characterize a major factor of potential earnings for Decide Advocate Basic’s Corps attorneys, supplementing their base pay and allowances. These monetary incentives serve to draw and retain extremely certified authorized professionals throughout the navy’s authorized department. A number of sorts of bonuses exist, every designed to deal with particular wants and circumstances throughout the JAG Corps.

One essential bonus class is the accession bonus, supplied to incentivize newly commissioned JAG officers to hitch the Corps. This bonus helps offset the potential monetary sacrifices related to transitioning from civilian authorized observe to navy service. One other necessary class encompasses bonuses tied to particular expertise or {qualifications}. For instance, attorneys with specialised experience in areas like worldwide legislation or cyber legislation could be eligible for substantial bonuses. These specialised bonuses acknowledge the worth of specific ability units and encourage officers to develop experience in areas essential to navy authorized operations. Retention bonuses are additionally supplied to skilled JAG Corps officers as an incentive to proceed their navy service. These bonuses assist preserve a steady and skilled authorized power throughout the navy. For example, a JAG lawyer specializing in worldwide humanitarian legislation may obtain a major bonus because of the excessive demand and restricted provide of such experience.

Understanding the position and sorts of bonuses obtainable throughout the JAG Corps gives important context for assessing total compensation. Whereas base pay and allowances kind the inspiration of a JAG lawyer’s earnings, bonuses can considerably improve complete compensation, particularly for officers with specialised expertise or in high-demand areas. This complete strategy to compensation ensures the JAG Corps attracts and retains the authorized expertise mandatory to satisfy its various missions. Contemplating potential bonus alternatives is essential for people exploring a JAG Corps profession and for these searching for an entire image of navy authorized skilled compensation.

5. Allowances (Housing)

Housing allowances represent a good portion of JAG lawyer compensation, straight impacting their total earnings. These allowances goal to offset the price of housing, guaranteeing that navy authorized professionals can preserve an affordable way of life no matter their responsibility station. As a result of housing prices fluctuate significantly throughout totally different areas, the housing allowance is geographically adjusted. This ensures that JAG legal professionals stationed in high-cost areas obtain a bigger allowance than these in lower-cost areas. This location-based adjustment is essential for sustaining equitable compensation throughout the JAG Corps. For instance, a JAG officer stationed in San Francisco would doubtless obtain a better housing allowance than one stationed in a inexpensive metropolis, reflecting the distinction in native housing markets.

A number of components affect the exact housing allowance quantity. Rank performs a job, with higher-ranking officers typically receiving a barely bigger allowance. Whether or not or not the JAG lawyer has dependents additionally impacts the allowance quantity, as these with households usually require bigger housing lodging. Moreover, the native Primary Allowance for Housing (BAH) charge, a metric utilized by the Division of Protection to calculate housing allowances, is a major determinant. The BAH charge is calculated primarily based on median rental prices in a given space, together with common utility bills. Understanding these contributing components is essential for precisely assessing a JAG lawyer’s complete compensation. For example, a JAG officer with dependents stationed in Washington D.C. will obtain a unique housing allowance than a single officer stationed in a smaller city, reflecting variations in each location and dependency standing. This nuanced system ensures that housing allowances precisely replicate the price of dwelling and household dimension, contributing considerably to the general monetary well-being of JAG Corps officers.

In abstract, the housing allowance represents an important aspect of JAG lawyer compensation. Its geographically adjusted nature and consideration of rank and dependents guarantee equitable and enough assist for housing prices. This, in flip, considerably influences the general monetary image for JAG Corps officers, making it a key issue for these contemplating a navy authorized profession. By understanding how housing allowances are calculated and their impression on complete compensation, potential and present JAG legal professionals could make knowledgeable monetary choices. This technique’s complexity underscores the significance of contemplating all features of navy compensation, not simply base pay, for a whole understanding of JAG lawyer earnings.

6. Allowances (Subsistence)

Subsistence allowances contribute to the general compensation of Decide Advocate Basic’s Corps attorneys. These allowances, generally referred to as Primary Allowance for Subsistence (BAS), present a hard and fast month-to-month quantity meant to offset the price of meals. Not like the geographically adjusted housing allowance, BAS charges stay constant throughout all areas. This standardized strategy simplifies administration and ensures all JAG Corps officers obtain assist for important dwelling bills, no matter responsibility station. Whereas BAS could not considerably fluctuate primarily based on location, rank, or dependents, it stays a hard and fast part of a JAG lawyer’s common revenue, contributing to their total monetary stability. For instance, all JAG officers, no matter rank or location, obtain the usual BAS charge, contributing a hard and fast quantity to their month-to-month revenue.

Though a smaller portion of complete compensation in comparison with base pay and housing allowances, BAS performs a sensible position in a JAG lawyer’s monetary planning. The fastened nature of BAS permits for predictable budgeting and contributes to the general stability of navy compensation. This predictable revenue stream permits JAG Corps officers to handle their funds successfully, no matter project location or adjustments in value of dwelling. Moreover, BAS, when mixed with different allowances and base pay, varieties a complete compensation package deal designed to draw and retain certified authorized professionals throughout the navy. The inclusion of BAS underscores the navy’s dedication to supporting its service members’ important wants, contributing to their total high quality of life. This holistic strategy to compensation acknowledges that monetary stability is important for sustaining a devoted and efficient authorized power. For example, whereas BAS could not cowl all meals bills, it gives a constant complement to a JAG lawyer’s revenue, enhancing their monetary safety.

In abstract, whereas BAS might not be as substantial or variable as different elements of navy compensation, it gives a constant and predictable complement to JAG lawyer revenue. Its fastened nature contributes to monetary stability and simplifies budgeting, enjoying a sensible position within the total compensation construction. The inclusion of BAS, alongside different allowances and base pay, demonstrates the navy’s dedication to offering complete monetary assist to JAG Corps officers, contributing to their total high quality of life and selling a steady and efficient authorized power throughout the armed companies.

7. Location

Location considerably influences JAG lawyer compensation, primarily via its impression on the Primary Allowance for Housing (BAH). BAH charges fluctuate significantly relying on the price of dwelling in a selected space. Responsibility stations in high-cost areas, reminiscent of main metropolitan areas or abroad assignments, usually command increased BAH charges. Conversely, assignments in lower-cost areas lead to decrease BAH funds. This geographic adjustment ensures that JAG Corps officers preserve a comparable way of life no matter the place they’re stationed. For instance, a JAG lawyer stationed in Washington D.C. will doubtless obtain a considerably increased BAH than a colleague stationed in a rural space because of the increased housing prices within the nation’s capital. This localized strategy to housing allowances ensures that compensation stays aggressive and displays regional cost-of-living variations. The impression of location on BAH can considerably have an effect on a JAG lawyer’s total revenue, making it an important issue to think about when evaluating compensation and potential assignments.

Past BAH, location can even affect eligibility for sure particular pays. Assignments in designated hardship areas or these requiring particular language proficiency could qualify JAG legal professionals for added compensation. These particular pays additional regulate compensation primarily based on the distinctive calls for of specific responsibility stations. For instance, a JAG officer stationed in a distant location with restricted facilities may obtain a hardship responsibility pay, whereas an officer fluent in a essential international language and assigned to a related area may obtain international language proficiency pay. These further funds acknowledge the added challenges or specialised expertise required for sure assignments, additional demonstrating how location influences total compensation.

In abstract, location performs a notable position in figuring out JAG lawyer compensation, primarily via its impact on BAH and potential eligibility for particular pays. Understanding the connection between location and compensation is essential for JAG Corps officers when contemplating profession assignments and for anybody searching for a complete understanding of navy lawyer earnings. Whereas base pay and different allowances stay constant no matter location, the variability of BAH and particular pays primarily based on geographic components underscores the significance of contemplating location as a key aspect of total JAG Corps compensation. This localized strategy ensures that compensation precisely displays the price of dwelling and distinctive calls for of various responsibility stations, attracting and retaining certified authorized professionals throughout a various vary of assignments.

8. Particular Pays

Particular pays characterize an important part of JAG lawyer compensation, considerably influencing total earnings. These pays, separate from base pay and customary allowances, compensate for particular expertise, {qualifications}, or duties carried out. Understanding the assorted sorts of particular pays and their eligibility standards is important for a complete understanding of JAG lawyer revenue. A number of classes of particular pays can contribute considerably to a JAG officer’s earnings. These specialised compensations reward experience and incentivize service in demanding or essential roles.

One distinguished class is language proficiency pay. JAG legal professionals fluent in strategically necessary languages, as decided by the Division of Protection, could obtain further month-to-month funds. This incentivizes language acquisition and rewards these with expertise very important for worldwide authorized operations or deployments. For instance, a JAG officer fluent in Arabic and assigned to a Center Jap command may obtain language proficiency pay. One other class consists of particular pays for particular authorized certifications or {qualifications}. JAG legal professionals with superior certifications, reminiscent of in navy justice or worldwide legislation, may qualify for added compensation, reflecting the worth of their specialised experience. For instance, a JAG lawyer with specialised coaching in cyber warfare legislation might obtain further pay because of the rising significance of this discipline. Moreover, particular pays exist for duties involving hazardous responsibility or imminent hazard, recognizing the added dangers related to sure assignments. These pays present further monetary compensation for these serving in demanding and doubtlessly harmful environments. A JAG officer deployed to a fight zone would doubtless obtain hazardous responsibility pay.

In conclusion, particular pays play a major position in figuring out how a lot JAG legal professionals make. These focused compensations reward specialised expertise, {qualifications}, and duties, contributing considerably to total earnings. Understanding the assorted particular pays obtainable throughout the JAG Corps is essential for a whole image of navy authorized skilled compensation. This specialised compensation construction attracts and retains people with essential expertise, guaranteeing the JAG Corps maintains the experience mandatory to satisfy its various and demanding mission. Precisely assessing JAG lawyer revenue requires contemplating these particular pays alongside base pay and allowances. This multifaceted strategy ensures aggressive compensation and acknowledges the distinctive contributions of JAG Corps officers in varied specialised roles.

9. Advantages (Healthcare)

Healthcare advantages characterize a considerable, although usually missed, part of JAG lawyer compensation. Whereas in a roundabout way mirrored in a wage determine, complete healthcare protection considerably contributes to a JAG officer’s total monetary well-being. Understanding the scope and worth of those advantages is essential for precisely assessing the whole compensation package deal and its impression on “how a lot JAG legal professionals make.” These advantages present important monetary safety and contribute to the general worth proposition of a JAG Corps profession.

  • Complete Protection

    JAG legal professionals, like all active-duty navy personnel, obtain complete healthcare protection via the navy’s healthcare system. This protection consists of medical, dental, and imaginative and prescient care, minimizing out-of-pocket bills for routine and sudden healthcare wants. This complete protection eliminates the necessity for pricey personal insurance coverage premiums and ensures entry to high quality healthcare with out monetary burden. For instance, a JAG lawyer requiring a surgical process would face minimal private prices, a major monetary benefit in comparison with civilian counterparts with high-deductible well being plans or restricted protection.

  • No Premiums or Deductibles

    A major benefit of navy healthcare is the absence of premiums, deductibles, or co-pays for many companies. This eliminates a considerable expense usually related to civilian healthcare plans. The shortage of those prices straight will increase a JAG lawyer’s disposable revenue, successfully rising their total compensation. For example, a JAG officer doesn’t face month-to-month premium funds for well being, dental, or imaginative and prescient protection, a substantial saving in comparison with civilian healthcare prices. This contributes considerably to their total monetary well-being.

  • International Entry

    Army healthcare extends globally, guaranteeing entry to care no matter a JAG lawyer’s responsibility station. Whether or not stationed stateside or deployed abroad, JAG officers can entry navy medical amenities or TRICARE-approved suppliers, sustaining constant healthcare entry. This international protection gives peace of thoughts and ensures constant entry to care, no matter geographic location. For instance, a JAG lawyer stationed in Germany would have entry to navy medical amenities or TRICARE-approved suppliers in Europe, guaranteeing continued healthcare protection.

  • Lengthy-Time period Advantages

    Healthcare advantages prolong past energetic responsibility. JAG legal professionals transitioning to retirement retain entry to reasonably priced healthcare choices via the navy’s retirement system. This continued entry to healthcare considerably reduces post-career bills, contributing to long-term monetary safety. This long-term healthcare entry represents a considerable monetary profit, decreasing the burden of healthcare prices throughout retirement. This long-term worth considerably enhances the general compensation package deal related to a JAG Corps profession.

In conclusion, healthcare advantages represent a considerable part of JAG lawyer compensation. The great protection, lack of premiums and deductibles, international entry, and long-term advantages considerably improve the general worth of a JAG Corps profession. Whereas not a direct financial fee, these advantages present substantial monetary safety and contribute meaningfully to the general compensation image, successfully rising the true worth of a JAG lawyer’s earnings. Precisely assessing “how a lot JAG legal professionals make” requires contemplating these worthwhile non-salary advantages alongside base pay, allowances, and bonuses for a whole and correct understanding.

Ceaselessly Requested Questions on JAG Lawyer Compensation

This part addresses widespread inquiries relating to Decide Advocate Basic’s Corps lawyer compensation, offering additional readability on incomes potential and associated monetary features.

Query 1: How does JAG lawyer compensation examine to civilian legal professional salaries?

Direct comparisons between JAG and civilian lawyer salaries may be complicated because of differing compensation buildings. Whereas civilian attorneys may need increased beginning salaries in some circumstances, JAG legal professionals obtain a complete advantages package deal together with healthcare, housing allowances, and retirement contributions that considerably improve total compensation. Moreover, JAG legal professionals acquire worthwhile expertise and specialised authorized coaching, usually transferable to aggressive civilian positions after navy service.

Query 2: What’s the beginning wage for a JAG lawyer?

Beginning salaries for JAG legal professionals are usually equal to a navy officer’s pay on the rank of Captain, with further changes primarily based on training stage and any prior navy service. Particular figures can fluctuate primarily based on present navy pay scales.

Query 3: Are there alternatives for bonuses and extra pay within the JAG Corps?

A number of bonus alternatives exist throughout the JAG Corps, together with accession bonuses for brand new officers, retention bonuses for skilled attorneys, and extra pay for specialised expertise like international language proficiency or superior authorized certifications.

Query 4: How does location have an effect on a JAG lawyer’s pay?

Location primarily impacts the Primary Allowance for Housing (BAH), which is geographically adjusted to replicate native housing prices. Increased cost-of-living areas lead to increased BAH charges. Location can even affect eligibility for sure particular pays, reminiscent of hardship responsibility pay.

Query 5: What are the long-term monetary advantages of a JAG Corps profession?

Lengthy-term monetary advantages embrace a sturdy retirement system, entry to reasonably priced healthcare after service, and the potential for elevated incomes potential in civilian authorized observe following navy expertise.

Query 6: The place can one discover probably the most up-to-date data on JAG lawyer pay and advantages?

The official web site of every navy department’s JAG Corps gives probably the most present and correct data relating to pay scales, advantages, and different compensation particulars.

Understanding these features of JAG lawyer compensation gives a complete perspective on incomes potential and the related monetary advantages. Cautious consideration of those components helps potential JAG Corps officers make knowledgeable profession choices.

Additional sections of this text will delve deeper into particular features of a JAG Corps profession, together with profession paths, software processes, and the distinctive challenges and rewards of navy authorized service.

Ideas for Researching JAG Lawyer Compensation

Conducting thorough analysis is essential for understanding the whole image of JAG lawyer earnings. The following tips present steerage for navigating obtainable assets and decoding compensation data successfully.

Tip 1: Seek the advice of Official Army Assets: Start analysis with the official JAG Corps web sites for every department of the navy (Military, Navy, Air Drive, Coast Guard, and Marine Corps). These assets present probably the most correct and up-to-date data relating to pay scales, allowances, and advantages.

Tip 2: Make the most of Army Pay Calculators: A number of on-line navy pay calculators permit customers to enter rank, years of service, and placement to estimate compensation. These instruments present a useful place to begin for understanding potential earnings.

Tip 3: Take into account Whole Compensation: Do not forget that base pay represents just one facet of navy compensation. Think about allowances for housing and subsistence, particular pays, bonuses, and the worth of healthcare advantages for a complete evaluation.

Tip 4: Analysis Location-Particular Prices: As a result of the housing allowance is geographically adjusted, analysis the price of dwelling in potential responsibility station areas. Understanding native housing prices gives a extra correct image of total compensation.

Tip 5: Community with Present or Former JAG Officers: Connecting with present or former JAG legal professionals gives worthwhile insights into the realities of navy authorized compensation and the general monetary features of a JAG Corps profession. Skilled networking platforms or military-specific boards can facilitate these connections.

Tip 6: Evaluate with Civilian Counterparts Rigorously: Comparisons with civilian legal professional salaries require cautious consideration of the totally different compensation buildings. Issue within the worth of navy advantages and the potential for future profession alternatives when making comparisons.

Tip 7: Think about Lengthy-Time period Advantages: Take into account the long-term monetary advantages of navy service, together with retirement plans and continued entry to reasonably priced healthcare. These long-term advantages contribute considerably to the general worth of a JAG Corps profession.

By using these analysis methods, people acquire a clearer understanding of JAG lawyer compensation, enabling knowledgeable profession choices and sensible monetary planning. This complete strategy ensures a well-rounded perspective on the monetary implications of becoming a member of the JAG Corps.

The next conclusion summarizes key takeaways relating to JAG lawyer compensation and its varied elements.

Conclusion

Compensation for Decide Advocate Basic’s Corps attorneys includes a multifaceted construction encompassing base pay, allowances, bonuses, and advantages. Base pay, decided by rank and years of service, varieties the inspiration of the compensation package deal. Allowances, significantly for housing, considerably affect total earnings and are adjusted geographically to replicate native cost-of-living variations. Bonuses, supplied for specialised expertise or retention functions, present further monetary incentives. Moreover, the great healthcare advantages obtainable to JAG legal professionals characterize a considerable, although usually much less seen, part of their complete compensation. An intensive understanding of those components gives an entire and correct evaluation of JAG lawyer earnings.

Cautious consideration of all compensation elements, together with long-term advantages reminiscent of retirement plans and continued healthcare entry, is important for people contemplating a JAG Corps profession. The knowledge offered right here gives a framework for understanding the monetary features of navy authorized service. Additional analysis, using official navy assets and networking with present or former JAG officers, gives a deeper understanding of this rewarding and demanding profession path. This complete strategy empowers potential JAG legal professionals to make knowledgeable choices aligned with each skilled aspirations and monetary objectives.